英语作文训练的三个阶段

　　一、初学阶段的被缩写材料不宜太长，不宜写大多。缩写文以不超过2m词为佳。而又为后期阶段打下一定的基础。这三个步骤是英语习作人门的有效做法。短评是一种“一半依材一半发挥”的习作方式。短评的行文布局和用句也是一半模仿，提纲作文。也需使用一些其它词汇。在用词上，相承相继，基本上采用原材料中的词语和句子，个别段落被完全删除以保证缩写重点突出，是最初级的习作方式。但要求被缩写的材料难易程度不超过所学课本。也可以采用其它阅读材料，应采纳一条从有材料可依的习作方式过渡到脱离本本进行自由写作方式的途径。

　　Most shops in Britain open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00 or 5.30 in the evening. Small shopsusually close for an hour at lunchtime. On one or two days a week-usually Thursday and/or Friday-some large food shops stay until about 8.00 p.m. for late night shopping.

　　Many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. The days is usually Wednesday orThursday and it is a different day in different towns. Nearly all shops are closed on Sunday. News-paper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. But there are legal restrictions on selling many things on Sundays. Many large food shops(supermarkets)are self-service. When you go into one of these shops you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into it. You queue up at the cash-desk and pay for everything just before you leave. If anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught. Most shops have store detectives who have the job of catching shoplifters. Shoplifting is considered a serious crime by the police and the courts. When you are waiting to be served in a shop, itis important to wait your turn. It is important not to try to be served before people who arrived before you. Many people from overseas are astonished at the British habit of queuing.

　　将短文缩写如下：

　　This article tells us about British shops. British shops usually open at 9.00 a.m. and close at 5.00or 5.30 p.m. Many shops are closed in the afternoon one day a week. Nearly all shops are closed on Sundays. In Britain, many large food shops are self-service. And when you wait to be served in a shop, you have to wait patiently for your turn.

　　这是一篇不超过100词的缩写，

　　二、缩写是一种“依材剪贴”的习作方式，在内容上，

　　短评是就所学课文或阅读材料进行评论。此外，如对前文便可作以下评论：

　　From the article we learned about British shops, about their opening and closing time and their service. But we find that there are something inconvenient with British shop service. First is the time. Shops in Britain open very late and close too early. Second is that there is almost no Sunday service. Where can people go if they suddenly need to buy something? The last is the habit of queuing. It will be a waste of time if the queue is too long.

　　初学阶段，由于有段落写作提纲或主旨句等，仅作了部分调整，关键词作文等形式。以不超一千词为佳，